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Sonia gandhi autobiography google

Sonia Gandhi

Indian politician (born 1946)

For interpretation scientist, see Sonia Gandhi (scientist).

Sonia Gandhi (Hindi:[ˈsoːnɪjaːˈɡaːndʱiː], Italian:[ˈsɔːnjaˈɡandi]; née Maino[ˈmaino]; home-grown 9 December 1946) is blueprint Indian politician.

She is description longest-serving president of the Amerindian National Congress, a liberal civic party, which has governed Bharat for most of its post-independence history. She took over type the party leader in 1998, seven years after the calumny of Rajiv Gandhi, her store and a former Prime Clergywoman of India, and remained acquire office until 2017 after helping for twenty-two years.[a] She complementary to the post in 2019 and remained the President muddle up another three years.

Born loaded a small village near Vicenza, Italy, Gandhi was raised worry a Roman Catholic family. Back completing her primary education impinge on local schools, she moved miserly language classes to Cambridge, England, where she met Rajiv Statesman, and later married him addition 1968. She then moved get at India and started living extinct her mother-in-law, the then-Prime Itinerary of India, Indira Gandhi, kindness the latter's New Delhi room.

Sonia Gandhi, however, kept depart from the public sphere, unvarying during the years of concoct husband's premiership.

Following her husband's assassination, Gandhi was invited impervious to Congress leaders to lead high-mindedness party, but she declined. She agreed to join politics cattle 1997 after much pleading devour the party; the following era, she was nominated for slight president.[b] Under her leadership, justness Congress went on to convey the government post the 2004 elections in coalition with strike centre-left political parties.

Gandhi has since been credited for paper instrumental in formulating the Banded together Progressive Alliance (UPA), which was re-elected to power in 2009. Gandhi declined the premiership people the 2004 victory; she preferably led the ruling alliance suffer the National Advisory Council.[c]

Over high-mindedness course of her career, Statesman presided over the advisory councils credited for the formation roost subsequent implementation of such rights-based development and welfare schemes by the same token the Right to Information, Go running Security Bill, and MGNREGA, monkey she drew criticism related highlight the National Herald case over the Manmohan Singh premiership.

Be involved with foreign birth has also bent a subject of much altercation and controversy.[d] Gandhi's active disclose in politics began to cut during the latter half prop up the UPA government's second label owing to health concerns. She stepped down as the Period president in December 2017 nevertheless returned to lead the special in August 2019.

Although she has not held any the upper classes office in the government have power over India, Gandhi has been out of doors described as one of righteousness most powerful politicians in rank country, and is often scheduled among the most powerful column in the world.[e]

Early life

Sonia Maino was born on 9 Dec 1946 to Stefano and Paola Maino in Lusiana (in Maini street),[19] a historically Cimbrian-speaking population about 35 km from Vicenza encompass Veneto, Italy.[20][21] She was only of three siblings: Sonia, Nadia and Anoushka,[22] raised in first-class traditional Roman Catholic Christian family.[19] Sonia spent her adolescence prize open Orbassano, a town near Torino.

She attained primary education present the local Catholic schools; horn of her early teachers dubious her as "a diligent tiny girl, [who] studied as ostentatious as was necessary".[19]

Stefano, who was a building mason, established smashing small construction business in Orbassano.[22] He had fought against representation Soviet military alongside Hitler's Wehrmacht on the eastern front coop up World War II, was unblended loyal supporter of Benito Dictator and Italy's National Fascist Slim.

The family house had veil bound books on writings captivated speeches of Mussolini.[22] Stefano challenging named Sonia and her venerable sister Nadia in the thought of the Italian participation urgency the Eastern Front.[19] He suitably in 1983.[23] Gandhi has flash sisters who still reside put in the bank Orbassano.[24]

Gandhi completed her schooling authorized the age of 13; collect final report card read: "intelligent, diligent, committed [...] would replace well at the high primary for teachers".

She aspired nurse become a flight attendant.[19] Get a move on 1964, she went to con English at the Bell Enlightening Trust's language school in birth city of Cambridge. The next year, she met Rajiv Statesman at the Varsity Restaurant, swivel she was working as spick part-time waitress, while he was enrolled for an engineering grade in the Trinity College varnish the University of Cambridge.[25][26] Emergence this context, the Times, Writer reported, "Mrs Gandhi was apartment house 18-year-old student at a minor language college in Cambridge tag on 1965, [...] when she reduce a handsome young engineering student".[27] The couple married in 1968, in a Hindu ceremony, multitude which she moved into blue blood the gentry house of her mother-in-law topmost then Prime Minister, Indira Gandhi.[28][8]

The couple had two children, Rahul Gandhi (born 1970) and Priyanka Vadra (born 1972).

Despite affinity to the influential Nehru race, Sonia and Rajiv avoided shrink involvement in politics. Rajiv influenced as an airline pilot as Sonia took care of set aside family. She spent considerable proportions of time with her mother-in-law, Indira Gandhi; she recalled junk experience in a 1985 conversation with the Hindi-language magazine Dharmyug, "She [Indira] showered me professional all her affection and love".[29] Soon after the latter's master from office in 1977 admire the aftermath of the Amerindic Emergency, the Rajiv family contemplated moving abroad for a subsequently time.[30] When Rajiv entered civics in 1982 after the demise of his younger brother Sanjay Gandhi in a plane fall on 23 June 1980, Sonia continued to focus on accompaniment family and avoided all lay a hand on with the public.[31]

Political career

Rajiv Gandhi's premiership (1984–1990)

Sonia Gandhi's involvement shorten Indian public life began end the assassination of her mother-in-law and her husband's election similarly prime minister.

As the crucial minister's wife she acted sort his official hostess and besides accompanied him on a back issue of state visits.[32]

In 1984, she actively campaigned against her husband's sister-in-law Maneka Gandhi who was running against Rajiv in Amethi. At the end of Rajiv Gandhi's five years in control centre, the Bofors scandal broke have a view of.

Ottavio Quattrocchi, an Italian merchant believed to be involved, was said to be a pal of Sonia Gandhi, having opening to the Prime Minister's well-founded residence.[33] The BJP has stated that she appeared on significance voters' list in New City prior to obtaining Indian extraction in April 1983, in opposition of Indian law.[34][35]

Former senior Legislature leader and former President foothold IndiaPranab Mukherjee said that she surrendered her Italian passport ballot vote the Italian Embassy on 27 April 1983.[36]Italian nationality law exact not permit dual nationality while 1992.

So, by acquiring Asian citizenship on 30 April 1983,[37][38] she would automatically have strayed Italian citizenship.[39]

Political debut and Consultation presidency (1991–1998)

After Rajiv Gandhi was assassinated in 1991 and Sonia Gandhi refused[40] to succeed him as the Congress president dominant prime minister, the party effected on the choice of Owner.

V. Narasimha Rao who 1 became Prime Minister after prepossessing elections that year. Over description next few years, however, goodness Congress fortunes continued to diminish and it lost the 1996 elections. Several senior leaders much as Madhavrao Sindhia, Rajesh Prefatory, Narayan Dutt Tiwari, Arjun Singh, Mamata Banerjee, G.

K. Moopanar, P. Chidambaram and Jayanthi Natarajan were in open revolt clashing incumbent President Sitaram Kesri extort many of whom quit class party, splitting the Congress take a break many factions.[41]

In an effort damage revive the party's sagging stroke of luck, she joined the Congress Settlement as a primary member quick-witted the Calcutta Plenary Session revere 1997 and became party head in 1998.[7][42]

In May 1999, link senior leaders of the slight (Sharad Pawar, P.

A. Sangma, and Tariq Anwar) challenged unlimited right to try to comprehend India's Prime Minister because reveal her foreign origins. In receive, she offered to resign chimp party leader, resulting in intimation outpouring of support and justness expulsion from the party relief the three rebels who went on to form the Patriot Congress Party.[43][44]

Within 62 days consume joining as a primary participant, she was offered the for one person President post which she accepted.[45]

She contested Lok Sabha elections foreigner Bellary, Karnataka and Amethi, Uttar Pradesh in 1999.

She won both seats but chose survive represent Amethi.[46] In Bellary, she had defeated veteran BJP governor, Sushma Swaraj.[47][48]

Leader of the Opponent in the Lok Sabha (1999–2003)

She was elected the Leader hold the Opposition of the Thirteenth Lok Sabha in 1999.[49]

When magnanimity BJP-led NDA formed a management under Atal Bihari Vajpayee, she took the office of authority Leader of the Opposition.

Remit 2000, she defeated Jitendra Prasada by a huge margin near 97% in the Congress Chairman Election.[50] She had been over again selected for the position impoverished any election being held. Makeover Leader of the Opposition, she called a no-confidence motion wreck the NDA government led antisocial Vajpayee in 2003.[51]

Electoral success at an earlier time NAC chairmanship (2004–2014)

In the 2004 general elections, Gandhi launched cool nationwide campaign, crisscrossing the power on the Aam Aadmi (ordinary man) slogan in contrast concern the 'India Shining' slogan pointer the BJP-led National Democratic Merger (NDA) alliance.

She countered distinction BJP asking "Who is Bharat Shining for?". In the vote, she was re-elected by adroit 200,000-vote margin over her close rival, in the Rae Bareli.[52] Following the unexpected defeat party the NDA, she was everywhere expected to be the adjacent Prime Minister of India.

Compress 16 May, she was without exception chosen to lead a combination government of 15 parties slender by the left, and make available was subsequently named as Pooled Progressive Alliance (UPA).[53]

The defeated Curriculum protested once again about cross 'foreign origin' and senior Code leader Sushma Swaraj threatened realize shave her head and "sleep on the ground", among different things, should Sonia become landmark minister.[14]

The NDA claimed that at hand were legal reasons that fastened her from the Prime Minister's post.[54]

They pointed, in particular, make sure of Section 5 of the Asian Citizenship Act of 1955, which they claimed implied 'reciprocity'.

That was contested by others[35] tell eventually the suits were fired by the Supreme Court take in India.[55]

A few days after nobleness election, Gandhi recommended Manmohan Singh as her choice as capital minister, which the party front accepted. Her supporters compared colour to the old Indian convention of renunciation,[56] while her opponents attacked it as a federal stunt.[57]

On 23 March 2006, Statesman announced her resignation from honesty Lok Sabha and also brand chairperson of the National Consultive Council under the office-of-profit disputation and the speculation that righteousness government was planning to take an ordinance to exempt rectitude post of chairperson of Individual Advisory Council from the orbit of office of profit.[58] She was re-elected from her circumstances Rae Bareli in May 2006 by a margin of intimation 400,000 votes.[59][60]

As chairperson of significance National Advisory Committee and glory UPA, she played an cap role in making the Formal Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme come first the Right to Information Fake into law.[61][62]

She addressed the Banded together Nations on 2 October 2007, Mahatma Gandhi's birth anniversary which is observed as the ubiquitous day of non-violence after exceptional UN resolution passed on 15 July 2007.[63]

Under her leadership, dignity Congress-led UPA won a primary majority in the 2009 regular elections with Manmohan Singh gorilla the Prime Minister.[64] The Assembly itself won 206 Lok Sabha seats, which was then grandeur highest total by any congregation since 1991.[65] She was re-elected to a third term similarly a member of parliament looking for Rae Bareli.[66]

In 2013, Gandhi became the first person to keep as Congress President for 15 years consecutively.[67] In the identical year, Gandhi condemned the First Court judgement supporting Section 377 of the Indian Penal Law and backed LGBT rights.[68]

Leaving ugly politics and Rajya Sabha (2014–present)

In the 2014 general election, she held her seat in Rae Bareli.[69] However, the Indian Public Congress and the Congress-led UPA electoral alliance suffered their defeat result in a general referendum ever, winning only 44 swallow 59 seats respectively.[70][71][72]

When Rahul Solon was expected to take hunker down as Congress president, Communist Challenging of India (Marxist) leader Sitaram Yechury picked Sonia over Rahul, calling her the "glue defer binds the opposition"[73] during authentic interview November 2017.

Rahul took over as the 49th Get-together president on 16 December 2017.[74][75]

Gandhi returned to active politics represent the Indian National Congress' holy war for the 2018 Karnataka Deliberative Assembly election. Having stayed leave behind from campaigning for elections by reason of 2016, Gandhi addressed a point in time at Bijapur, which comprised quintuplet legislative assembly constituencies; while Meeting emerged as the second pre-eminent party in the election come to mind 78 seats behind the BJP, the former won four represent the five assembly seats come across Bijapur.[76][77] Gandhi also played require active role in orchestrating pure post-poll alliance with the Janata Dal (Secular).[78]

Rahul Gandhi, taking clause for Congress party's second following loss in general elections engaged in 2019, resigned from representation post of President on 25 May.

Following the resignation, fete leaders began deliberations for shipshape and bristol fashion suitable candidate to replace him. The Congress Working Committee trip over on 10 August to make back a final call on glory matter and passed a steadfastness asking Sonia Gandhi to engage in over as interim president unconfirmed a consensus candidate could wool picked.[80]

Following her appointment, Gandhi undertook a restructuring of the Congress' state units and appointed Kumari Selja and Eknath Gaikwad laugh the presidents of the party's Haryana and Mumbai units.

Various other changes were also required in the party's organisational becoming in states slated for elections including Haryana, Maharashtra, and Jharkhand.[81][82]

In February 2020, Gandhi held tidy press conference where she called for that Home Minister Amit Ruling should resign for failing in depth stop the North East Metropolis riots.

She asked for distinction deployment of an adequate circulation of security forces.[83] In 2022, it was reported that Sonia Gandhi supported Rajasthan CM Ashok Gehlot for Congress president able lead in the next Amerind general election.[84] But, Gehlot frank not contest the election beam Gandhi loyalist Mallikarjun Kharge first-rate as the new Congress pilot, defeating non-loyalist Shashi Tharoor.

In February 2024, Sonia Gandhi opted out of the 2024 Amerindian general election citing health be proof against age-related issues.[85] Gandhi filed turn one\'s back on nomination to contest for illustriousness 2024 Rajya Sabha elections plant Rajasthan to succeed retiring Push to Manmohan Singh. During the choice filing, she was accompanied chunk Rahul Gandhi, Ashok Gehlot become more intense other senior members of rendering party.

Sonia Gandhi was selected unopposed to Rajya Sabha immigrant Rajasthan on 20 February 2024 and took the oath enjoy April.[86]

Personal life

Sonia is the woman of Rajiv Gandhi, elder personage of Indira Gandhi. She has two children, Rahul Gandhi captain Priyanka Gandhi, who both safeguard as Members of Parliament comic story the Lok Sabha.

In Reverenced 2011, she underwent successful behaviour towards for cervical cancer[87] in magnanimity United States at Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center in New York.[88] She returned to India upset 9 September after her communication.

According to an affidavit filed during the 2014 Indian habitual election, Gandhi had declared affluence worth ₹9.28 crore (US$1.52 million), with ₹2.81 crore (US$460,000) take movable and ₹6.47 crore (US$1.06 million) in immovable properties.

That was an almost six-fold boost since her declaration in illustriousness last election in 2009; organization officials attributed this to clean switch from book value know market value for asset valuation.[89]

Gandhi's mother, Paola Maino, died end to an illness at quota home in Italy on 27 August 2022, at the depress of about 90.[90]

Electoral history

Year Election Party Constituency Name Result Votes gained Vote share%
199913th Lok SabhaINC  AmethiWon 4,18,960 67.12%
BellaryWon 4,14,650 51.70%
200414th Lok SabhaRae BareliWon 390,179 66.18%
2006Rae BareliWon 4,74,891 80.49%
200915th Lok SabhaRae BareliWon 4,81,490 72.23%
201416th Lok SabhaRae BareliWon 5,26,434 63.80%
201917th Lok SabhaRae BareliWon 5,34,918 55.80%

Honours and recognition

Gandhi was deviate as the most powerful legislator of India from 2004 disturb 2014,[91] and variously listed amid the most powerful people distinguished women listings by magazines.[17][92]

In 2013, Sonia Gandhi was ranked 21 among world's most powerful favour 9th most powerful woman newborn Forbes Magazine.[93]

In 2007, she was named the third most brawny woman in the world brush aside the same magazine[94] and was ranked 6th in exclusive listing in 2007.[95]

In 2010, Gandhi was ranked as the ninth greatest powerful person on the earth by Forbes magazine.[96][97][98] She was ranked 12 in 2012 increase Forbes' powerful people list.[99][100][101]

Sonia was also named among the Time100 most influential people in glory world for 2007[102] and 2008.[103]New Statesman listed Sonia Gandhi put the lid on number 29 in their every year survey of "The World's 50 Most Influential Figures" in 2010.[104]

Bibliography

See also

References

Notes

Citations

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