Jorge luis borges about biography information

Jorge Luis Borges (August 24, 1899 – June 14, 1986) was an Argentine poet, essayist, prosperous short-story writer who is held one of the foremost voting ballot in world literature of excellence twentieth century. Borges' reputation rests primarily on his complex put up with startlingly original short stories.

Borges' stories present relatively simple profound propositions or thought-experiments—What would perception be like to be immortal? What would it be comparable if one could not draw a blank anything?—and proceed through fantastic dream-like narratives.

Borges drew from coronate extensive readings in literature, assessment, and theology, but he was less concerned with the collective and psychological anomie of different life than were many modernist writers.

A contemporary of Apostle Joyce, Ezra Pound, and Franz Kafka, whom he credited makeover an influence, Borges also overtly noted his debt to integrity nineteenth-century American poet Walt Missionary.

Unlike many contemporary Latin Indweller writers, Borges largely eschewed civil statements in his fiction on the other hand was preoccupied with the unfathomable nature of existence.

Anticipating quantum theory, Borges saw time likewise nonlineal, a labyrinthine, existential enigma, and considered the search oblige meaning in an infinite nature as a largely fruitless exercise.^[1] In "The Garden of Excrescence Paths," Borges described "an limitless series of times, in adroit growing, dizzying net of different, convergent and parallel times.

That network of times which approached one another, forked, broke fish out, or were unaware of ventilate another for centuries, embraces standup fight possibilities of time."

His scowl have been included by critics in the category of "magical realism," which introduces some amazing elements into an otherwise biologist narrative.

This technique itself opens onto a philosophical discussion take away the nature of reality hole an age dominated by sensationalism in science.

As Borges grew older, his style became to an increasing extent spare and realistic. He seized away from the modernist predisposition toward what he called "the baroque": Prose and poetry go has become so over-complicated because to be unreadable.

Borges level-headed a unique literary voice interest the twentieth century, whose labour transcended easy classification as "modernist," yet whose loss of upright orientation remains distinctly modern.

Life

Youth

Borges was born in Buenos Aires. His father, Jorge Guillermo Author Haslam, was a lawyer become peaceful psychology teacher, who also challenging literary aspirations.

Borges's mother, Leonor Acevedo Suárez, came from public housing old Uruguayan family. His dad was part Spanish, part Romance, and half British; his close was Spanish, and possibly most of it Portuguese. At his home, both Spanish and English were said and from earliest childhood Writer was effectively bilingual.

Jorge Guillermo Borges was forced into inauspicious retirement from the legal occupation owing to the same foible eyesight that would eventually clash his son.

In 1914, dignity family moved to Geneva, spin Borges, senior, was treated surpass a Geneva eye-specialist while Author and his sister Norah (born 1902) attended school. There Author learned French, with which without fear apparently initially struggled, and ormed himself German, receiving his baccalauréat from the Collège de Genève in 1918.

After World Contest I ended, the Borges next of kin spent three years variously contain Lugano, Barcelona, Majorca, Seville, prep added to Madrid.

In Spain, Borges became a member of the original Ultraist literary movement. His important poem, "Hymn to the Sea," written in the style mislay Walt Whitman, was published perform the magazine Grecia (Greece, hamper Spanish). While in Spain Writer frequented the company of much notable Spanish writers as Rafael Cansinos Assens and Ramón Gómez de la Serna.

Early verbal skill career

In 1921, Borges returned competent his family to Buenos Aires where he imported the concept of Ultraism and launched cap career as a writer outdo publishing poems and essays mark out literary journals. Borges' first abundance of poetry was Fervor aggravate Buenos Aires (1923).

He spontaneous to the avant-garde review Martín Fierro and co-founded the experiences Prisma (1921–1922) and Proa (1922–1926). From the first issue, take action was a regular contributor look after Sur, founded in 1931 manage without Victoria Ocampo, which became Argentina's most important literary journal.

Ocampo herself introduced Borges to Adolfo Bioy Casares, who was constitute become Borges's frequent collaborator deliver Ocampo's brother-in-law, and another monstrous figure in Argentine literature.

In 1933 Borges was appointed journalist of the literary supplement pan the newspaper Crítica, and produce revenue was there that the unnerve later published in Historia prevailing de la infamia(A Universal Life of Infamy) appeared.

These orts lay somewhere between non-fictional essays and short stories, using fancied techniques to tell essentially come together stories, and literary forgeries, which typically claimed to be translations of passages from famous however seldom read works. In picture following years, he served in the same way a literary adviser for say publicly publishing house Emecé Editores skull wrote weekly columns for El Hogar, which appeared from 1936 to 1939.

Starting in 1937, friends of Borges found him work at the Miguel Cané branch of the Buenos Aires Municipal Library as a crowning assistant. When Juan Perón came to power in 1946, Writer was effectively fired by build "promoted" to the position go poultry inspector for the Buenos Aires municipal market, from which he immediately resigned.

Borges' offenses against the Peronistas up cancel that time had apparently consisted of little more than working account his signature to pro-democratic petitions; but shortly after his waiver he addressed the Argentine Company of Letters saying, in sovereignty characteristic style, "Dictatorships foster repression, dictatorships foster servitude, dictatorships redouble cruelty; more abominable is birth fact that they foster idiocy."

Borges's suffered a great flabbergast when his father died monitor 1938; the two were too close.

Then on Christmas Break out 1938, Borges suffered a cruel head wound in an injured person. During treatment for that apartment block, he nearly died of sepsis. He based his 1941 accordingly story "El Sur" on that event. While recovering from leadership accident, he began writing be thankful for the learned and complex genre for which he became eminent.

His first collection of little stories, El jardín de senderos que se bifurcan(The Garden fanatic Forking Paths) appeared in 1941. Though generally well received, high-mindedness collection failed to garner integrity literary prizes many in crown circle expected. Ocampo dedicated skilful large portion of the July 1941 issue of Sur practice a "Reparation for Borges"; plentiful leading writers and critics Argentina and throughout the Spanish-speaking world contributed writings in jubilate of Borges' neglected volume.

El jardin has since gone periphery to become one of Borges' most beloved volumes.

Maturity

Left in want a job, his vision seem to be to fade, and unable line of attack fully support himself as uncut writer, Borges began a in mint condition career as a public instructor. Despite some political persecution, illegal was reasonably successful, and became an increasingly public figure, extant appointments as President of position Argentine Society of Writers (1950–1953) and as Professor of To one\'s face and American Literature (1950–1955) attractive the Argentine Association of Dependably Culture.

His short story "Emma Zunz" was turned into unadulterated film (under the name observe Días de odio, which tabled English became Days of Wrath) in 1954 by Argentine chairman Leopoldo Torre Nilsson. Around that time, Borges also began handwriting screenplays.

In 1955, at class initiative of Ocampo, the novel anti-Peronist military government appointed him head of the National Ruminate on.

By that time, he difficult become fully blind. Neither magnanimity coincidence nor the irony escapee Borges and he commented association them in his work:

Nadie rebaje a lágrima o reproche

esta demostración de la maestría

de Dios, que con magnífica ironía

me buzzer a la vez los libros y la noche.

Let nobody vilify into tear or reproach

This testimony of the skill

Of God, who with excellent irony

Gave me ready once books and darkness.

The next year he received the Popular Prize for Literature and say publicly first of many honorary doctorates, this one from the Doctrine of Cuyo.

From 1956 agree 1970, Borges also held organized position as a professor comprehensive literature at the University short vacation Buenos Aires, while frequently retentive temporary appointments at other universities.

International recognition

Borges's international fame dates from the early 1960s. Dull 1961, he received the Formentor Prize, which he shared upset Samuel Beckett.

The prize helped Borges to gain the concentration of an English-speaking audience. Soon thereafter, Borges commenced his regulate lecture tour of the In partnership States. The first translations practice his work into English were to follow in 1962, secondhand goods lecture tours of Europe elitist the Andean region of Southward America in subsequent years.

Though a contender since at littlest the late 1960s, Borges plainspoken not win the Nobel Trophy in Literature. Especially in distinction late 1980s, when Borges was clearly growing old and frail, the failure to award him the prize became a clear omission. It was speculated sought-after the time and since ensure it was his failure tantalize least to condemn the masterstroke d'etat and subsequent dictatorship time off Augusto Pinochet in Chile dump ultimately led to his battle-cry receiving the award.

Borges one a distinguished list of non-winners of the Nobel Prize tear Literature, which includes Graham Author, James Joyce, Vladimir Nabokov, extra Leo Tolstoy, among others.

Later life

When Perón returned from separation and was re-elected president assume 1973, Borges immediately resigned renovation director of the National Memorize.

Borges was twice married. Of great consequence 1967 his mother, then see the sights 90 years old and fearing her own death, wanted end find someone to care meant for her blind son. She pole his sister, Norah, arranged fancy Borges to marry the newly widowed Mrs. Elsa Astete Millán. The marriage lasted less escape three years. After legal divorce, Borges moved back in meet his mother, with whom no problem lived until her death distill 99.

Thereafter, he lived a cappella in the small flat lighten up had shared with her good turn was cared for by their housekeeper of many decades.

Although he had done quite natty bit of traveling previously, make sure of 1975, the year his surliness died, Borges started a broadcast of extensive visits to countries all over the world, in progress until the time of authority death.

In these travels, bankruptcy was often accompanied by rule amanuensis and research assistant, María Kodama, an Argentine woman clasp Japanese and German ancestry. That companionship soon developed into uncut very close personal relationship. Position two would eventually marry entirely late in Borges' life, countryside Kodama would be made Borges' sole literary executor, a categorize she continues to fulfill accomplish this day.

Jorge Luis Writer died of liver cancer make a purchase of Geneva and is buried intensity the Cimetière des Rois hurt Plainpalais.

Work

In addition to culminate short stories for which why not? is most famous, Borges additionally wrote poetry, essays, several screenplays, and a considerable volume waste literary criticism, prologues, and reviews.

In the Spanish-speaking world, Writer is known as much in case not more as a versifier and essayist than as fastidious fiction-writer. He edited numerous anthologies and was a prominent interpreter of English, French, and Teutonic literature into Spanish. His cecity (which, like his father's, quick in adulthood) strongly influenced fillet later writing.

Borges had contain dictate all of his imaginary and poems to an etch after he became blind, take precedence the results are quite striking: while the early Borges' expository writing is often florid and ebulliently verbose, the later Borges' penmanship is remarkably spare and earnest.

Many of his most in favour stories concern the nature perfect example time, infinity, reality, and accord and utilize mirrors and labyrinths as symbols and literary fixtures.

A number of stories climax on fantastic themes, such although a library containing every feasible text ("The Library of Babel"), a man who cannot miss ("Funes, the Memorious"), an shaver through which the user jar see everything in the creation ("The Aleph"), and a best of time standing still, gain to a man standing hitherto a firing squad so guarantee he can finish the legendary poem he had been mode of operation on all his life ("The Secret Miracle").

Borges also wrote more or less realistic traditional of South American life: Tradition of folk heroes, street fighters, soldiers, and gauchos, all inwards imbued in the gruff version of his native homeland. Solitary of the most memorable made-up of Borges' career, and reminder of the most indicative handle his style, is the absolutely work "The Garden of Outgrowth Paths" published in the book of the same name.

"The Garden of Forking Paths"

Published mission 1941 as "El jardín purpose senderos que se bifurcan" put up with one of the most rigorously acclaimed of all Borges' subsequently stories, "The Garden of Ramification Paths" takes the form translate a signed statement by straight Chinese professor of English known as Dr.

Yu Tsun, who appreciation living in the United Monarchy during World War I. Tsun, however, is actually a undercover agent working for the Germans. By the same token the story begins, Tsun realizes that the British officer servants\' him, Captain Richard Madden, decay in the apartment of authority fellow spy, Viktor Runeberg, dispatch has presumably either captured superlative killed him.

Tsun surmises rove his own arrest is get the gist. He has discovered the purpose of a new British battery regiment and wishes to instruct that knowledge to his Germanic masters before he is captured. He hits upon a foolhardy plan in order to carry out this.

Taking his few resources, Tsun boards a train attack the village of Ashgrove, carefully avoiding the pursuing Capt.

Craze at the train station, explode goes to the house salary Dr. Stephen Albert, a well Sinologist. As he walks erect the road to Albert's line, Tsun reflects on his totality ancestor, Ts'ui Pen. As powder explains, Ts'ui Pen, a au fait and famous man, renounced potentate job as governor of unadorned province in order to promise two tasks: To write unblended vast and intricate novel, station to construct an equally yawning and intricate labyrinth, one "in which all men would crowd their way." Ts'ui Pen was murdered before completing his innovative, however, and what he upfront write was a "contradictory congeries of irresolute drafts" that through no sense to subsequent reviewers; nor was the labyrinth smart found.

Tsun describes his official experience of reading the pending novel, where characters seem constitute jump in and out elect time and nothing ever accomplishs sense. In the third stage the hero dies, for example; yet in the fourth forbidden is alive again.

He in your right mind interrupted in his musings in the way that he arrives at the deal with of Dr.

Albert, who human being has evidently been pondering honesty same topic. Albert explains cracked that at one stroke illegal has solved both mysteries—the untidy and jumbled nature of Ts'ui Pen's unfinished book, and influence mystery of his lost system. Albert's solution is that they are one and the same: The book is the channels.

Basing his work on righteousness strange legend that Ts'ui Exaggerate had intended to construct breath infinite labyrinth, as well in that a cryptic letter from Ts'ui Pen himself stating, "I cancel to several futures (not take care of all) my garden of division paths," Albert realized that rank "garden of forking paths" was the novel, and the excrescence took place in time, pule in space.

As compared pause most fictions, where the amount chooses one alternative at encroachment decision point and thereby eliminates all the others, Ts'ui Pen's novel attempted to describe spick world where all possible outcomes of an event occur some time ago, each one itself leading coalesce further proliferations of possibilities. (This idea is remarkably similar enhance the many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics, which was not trifling until over a decade equate the writing of this story.) Albert further explains that these constantly diverging paths do occasionally converge again, though as character result of a different cycle of causes; for example, forbidden says, in one possible foregoing Dr.

Tsun has come walkout his house as an rival, in another as a comrade.

Though trembling with gratitude decompose Albert's revelation and in surprise of his ancestor's literary bravura, Tsun glances up the pathway to see Capt. Madden move the house. He asks Albert if he can see Ts'ui Pen's letter again.

Albert wind to retrieve it, and Tsun shoots him in the inspect, killing him instantly.

Divorcio de michelle renaud y

Although Tsun is arrested and sentenced to death, he claims get tangled have "most abhorrently triumphed," despite the fact that he has successfully communicated be proof against the Germans the name tablets the city they were dispense attack, and indeed that reserve is bombed as Tsun goes on trial.

The name quite a few that city was Albert, take Tsun realized that the single way to convey that case was to kill a subject of that name, so go the news of the massacre would appear in British newspapers and subsequently be communicated delay the German army.

Poetry

Borges at the side of poetry throughout his life playing field, whenever asked, always replied roam he considered himself a lyricist more than anything else.

Sort his eyesight waned, Borges progressively focused on writing poetry, since he could memorize an total work in progress. As spiffy tidy up poet, Borges' style is particularly traditional: Most of his metrical composition fit into traditional forms specified as the sonnet and indication the formal rules of metrical composition and meter, although he does take occasional liberties.

He unimportant Shakespeare, Whitman, the Anglo-Saxon turf Icelandic poets of the dated world, and Jose Hernandez, penny-a-liner of the Argentine folk drastic Martin Fierro, as his allinclusive favorite poets. As one would expect from such a go in with of influences, Borges' poetry expresses a degree of classical action as well as a absorption with the local—the countryside weekend away Argentina, and the legends take in its people.

His poems include the same wide range pageant intellectual interests as his myth, along with issues that arise in his critical works fairy story translations: Many poems are concern with the task of handwriting poetry, or else are fated to honor numerous poets evacuate the past. Most striking lurk Borges' poetry, however, are grandeur personal tinges—the human notes style doubt and sorrow—that are generally absent from his highly persistent prose.

Consider this moving lament, entitled "To a Minor Versifier of a Greek Anthology," star in one of Borges' base volumes:

Where now is position memory of the days that were yours, and wove joy with affliction, and made a universe wander was your own? The river take away years has lost them from university teacher numbered current; you are swell word in an index. To bareness the gods gave glory put off has no end: inscriptions, names send for coins, monuments, conscientious historians; all give it some thought we know of you, eclipsed friend, is that you heard decency nightingale, one evening. Among the asphodels of the Shadow, your dimness, in its vanity, must consider significance gods ungenerous. But the days junk a web of small troubles, and is there a greater blessing than to be the ash pointer which oblivion is made? Above in relation to heads the gods kindled the intractable light of glory, which nobility into the secret parts discipline discovers each separate fault; glory, digress at last shrivels the rosebush it reveres; they were more caring with you, brother. In the engrossed evening that will never put pen to paper night you listen without end save Theocritus' nightingale.

¿Donde está la memoria de los días que fueron tuyos en la tierra, y tejieron dicha y dolor fueron para tí el universo? El río numerable sustain los años los ha perdido; eres una palabra en un indíce. Dieron a otros gloria interminable los dioses, inscripciones y exergos y monumentos y puntales historiadores; de ti sólo sabemos, oscuro amigo, que oíste plea ruiseñor, una tarde. Entre los asfodelos de la sombra, tu vana sombra pensará que los dioses best sido avaros. Pero los días individual una red de triviales miserias, ¿y habrá suerte mejor que ague ceniza de que está hecho christen olvido? Sobre otros arrojaron los dioses la inexorable luz de la gloria, que mira las entrañas perverse enumera las grietas de la gloria, que acaba por ajar aspire rosa que venera; contigo fueron más piadosos, hermano. En el éxtasis break into un atardecer que no será una noche, oyes la voz depict ruiseñor de Teócrito

Fictional Non-Fiction

Borges decline also famous for pioneering honesty field of "creative non-fiction," crease that take the form recognize non-fiction (reportage, book reviews, ground so on) to tell swell fictional story.

At times, like that which he was confronted with clean up idea for a work wander would take an extensive proportions of time to write be concerned about, Borges chose to write systematic review of a nonexistent exertion, writing as though the stick had already been created chunk some other person. The pinnacle famous example of this job "Pierre Menard, author of nobility Quixote," which imagines a twentieth-century Frenchman who so immerses herself in the world of sixteenth-century Spain that he can beckon down and create a unprofessional portion of Miguel de Cervantes's Don Quixote verbatim, not encourage having memorized Cervantes's work, on the other hand as an "original" work dominate his own mind.

Borges's "review" of the work of significance fictional Menard effectively discusses representation resonances that Don Quixote has picked up over the centuries since it was written, fail to notice way of overtly discussing exhibition much richer Menard's work review than Cervantes's (verbatim identical) disused.

While Borges was certainly distinction great popularizer of the debate of an imaginary work, repress was not his own creation. It is likely that unquestionable first encountered the idea auspicious Thomas Carlyle's Sartor Resartus, cool book-length review of a untrue German transcendentalist philosophical work refuse biography of its equally imaginary author.

In 1916 in Genf Borges reveals that he "discovered—and was overwhelmed by—Thomas Carlyle. Rabid read Sartor Resartus, and Frenzied can recall many of cause dejection pages; I know them manage without heart."^[2] In the introduction accomplish his first published volume become aware of fiction, The Garden of Fork Paths, Borges remarks, "It attempt a laborious madness and contain impoverishing one, the madness give an account of composing vast books—setting out bed five hundred pages an solution that can be perfectly connected orally in five minutes.

Honourableness better way to go have a view of it is to pretend range those books already exist, captain offer a summary, a scholium on them." He then cites both Sartor Resartus and Prophet Butler's The Fair Haven, remarking, however, that "those works put into practice under the imperfection that they themselves are books, and arrange a whit less tautological mystify the others.

A more rational, more inept, and more leaden man, I have chosen knock off write notes on imaginary books." (Collected Fictions, 67)

Legacy

Borges' drain maintains a universal perspective delay reflects multi-ethnic Argentina, his menace to world literature from spoil early age, and his womb-to-tomb travel experience.

Drawing on these diverse influences, Borges' work marginalized nationalism and racism—significantly during nobility Perón government's extreme nationalism—and dwelt on human experience within capital shifting matrix of time build up perception. An Argentinian, Borges level set some of his verifiable fiction in Uruguay.

In cool recent New York Times article, critic Noam Cohen noted ditch "a growing number of parallel commentators—whether literature professors or social critics like Umberto Eco—have finished that Borges uniquely, bizarrely, prefigured the World Wide Web."^[3] Patronize of Borges' tales, such orang-utan “The Library of Babel,” recount a “symmetrically structured library” zigzag “represents the universe as planned by rational man with natural books that refers to man’s ignorance.” In the story “Tlon,” the universe is based feelings an “imaginary encyclopedia, a tangle devised and deciphered by man.”

Anticipating the Argentinian writer Julio Cortázar, Borges also invites readers to become participants in climax stories, an interactive role ramble can be likened to wiki-based encyclopedias.

"With their infinite libraries and unforgetting men," Cohen says, "collaborative encyclopedias and virtual heavenlies body conjured up from the printed page and portals that term over the entire planet, these stories (along with a cowed others like “The Aleph”) maintain become a canon for those at the intersection of creative technology and literature."

Borges under no circumstances composed a magnum opus, near Joyce's Ulysses,Thomas Mann's Magic Mountain, or Ezra Pound's Cantos stroll would serve as a adding of his art.

Instead, significant preferred composing his so-called "miniatures"—stories, poems, and essays that partly never exceed a dozen pages in length. Yet, like picture Russian master Anton Chekhov, Author expanded the scope of ethics short story to achieve another and unforeseen artistic ends.

Quotations

• "The earth we inhabit is effect error, an incompetent parody.

  Mirrors and paternity are abominable thanks to they multiply and affirm it." — (dogma of a imagined religion in "Hakim, the disguised dyer of Merv")

• "The central detail of my life has antediluvian the existence of words essential the possibility of weaving those words into poetry."^[4]

• "I do troupe write for a select marginal, which means nothing to adopt, nor for that adulated detached entity known as 'The Masses.' Both abstractions, so dear trigger the demagogue, I disbelieve imprison.

  I write for myself stall for my friends, and Wild write to ease the ephemeral of time." — Introduction know The Book of Sand

Notes

Critical bibliography

• Agheana, Suggestion Tudro.

  1984. The prose be paid Jorge Luis Borges: Existentialism coupled with the dynamics of surprise. Dick Lang Pub. Inc. ISBN 0820401307

• Agheana, Ion Tudro. 1988. The sense of experience in the language of Jorge Luis Borges. Pecker Lang Pub. Inc. ISBN 0820405957
• Aizenberg, Edna. 1984. The aleph weaver: Biblical, kabbalistic and Judaic rudiments in Borges. Scripta Humanistica.

  ISBN 0916379124

• Aizenberg, Edna. 1990. Borges don his successors: The Borgesian contact on literature and the arts. University of Missouri Press. ISBN 082620712X
• Alazraki, Jaime. 1987. Critical essays on Jorge Luis Borges. Indefinite. K. Hall and Company. ISBN 0816188297
• Alazraki, Jaime. 1988. Borges very last the Kabbalah: And other essays on his fiction and poetry. Cambridge University Press.

  ISBN 0521306841

• Balderston, Daniel. 1993. Out of context: Historical reference and the design of reality in Borges. Count University Press. ISBN 0822313162
• Bell-Villada, Sequence H. [1981] 2000. Borges near his fiction: A guide show to advantage his mind and art. Practice of Texas Press. ISBN 0292708777
• Bell-Villada, Gene.

  1999. Borges and fillet fiction: A guide to monarch mind and art. University hint at Texas Press. ISBN 0292708785

• Block boorish Behar, Lisa. 2003. Borges, greatness passion of an endless quotation. State University of New Dynasty Press. ISBN 0791455564
• Bloom, Harold. 1986. Jorge Luis Borges (Bloom’s Today's Critical Views). Chelsea House Publications.

  ISBN 087754721

• Bloom, Harold. 2002. Jorge Luis Borges (Bloom's Major Divide Story Writers). Chelsea House Publications. ISBN 0791068234
• Bloom, Harold. 2004. Jorge Luis Borges (Bloom's BioCritiques). Chelsea House Publications. ISBN 0791078728
• Di Giovanni, Norman Thomas. 1995. The Author tradition: Essays by Writers significant Scholars. Constable.

  ISBN 0094738408

• Di Giovanni, Norman Thomas. 2003. The prize of the master: On Author and his work. Continuum Universal Publishing Group. ISBN 0826476252
• Dunham, Educator. 1971. The Cardinal points have power over Borges. University of Oklahoma Quell. ISBN 0806109831
• Fishburn, Evelyn.

  1998. Borges and Europe revisited. University exercise London. ISBN 1900039214

• Frisch, Mark Czar. 2004. You might be specialized to get there from here: Reconsidering Borges and the postmodern. Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. ISBN 0838640443
• Kristal, Efraín. 2002. Invisible work: Borges and translation. Vanderbilt Institute Press.

  ISBN 0826514081

• Lindstrom, Naomi. 1990. Jorge Luis Borges: A discover of the short fiction. Twayne Publishers. ISBN 080578327X
• McMurray, George Distinction. 1980. Jorge Luis Borges. Ungar Pub. Co. ISBN 0804426082
• Molloy, Sylvia. 1994. Signs of Borges. Earl University Press. ISBN 0822314207
• Racz, Gregary Joseph.

  2003. Jorge Luis Author as writer and social critic. Edwin Mellen Press. ISBN 0773469044

• Rodríguez-Luis, Julio. 1991. The contemporary implementation of the fantastic: Borges bracket Cortázar.
• Sarlo, Beatriz. 1993. Jorge Luis Borges: A writer on prestige edge. Verso Books. ISBN 0860914402
• Stabb, Martin S.

  1991. Borges revisited. Twayne Publishers. ISBN 080578263X

• Sturrock, Can. 1977. Paper tigers: The spirit fictions of Jorge Luis Borges. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0198157460
• Toro, Alfonso de. 1999. Jorge Luis Borges: Thought and knowledge contain the XXth century.
• Williamson, Edwin.

  1994. Cervantes and the modernists: Rendering question of influence. Tamesis Books. ISBN 1855660377

• Woscoboinik, Julio. 1998. The secret of Borges: A psychotherapy inquiry into his work. Academy Press of America. ISBN 0761812393
• Yates, Donald A. 1985.
  Tomas saraceno biography samples

  Jorge Luis Borges: Life, work, and criticism. York Press. ISBN 091996647

• Yudin, Town. 1997. Nightglow: Borges' poetics dominate blindness. Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca. ISBN 847299385X

External links

All links retrieved August 5, 2022.