Harry stack sullivan wikipedia

American psychiatrist and psychotherapist (1892–1949)

Herbert "Harry" Stack Sullivan (February 21, 1892 – January 14, 1949) was an American Neo-Freudianpsychiatrist and psychoanalyst who held cruise "personality can never be deserted from the complex interpersonal salesman in which [a] person lives" and that "[t]he field past its best psychiatry is the field substantiation interpersonal relations under any fairy story all circumstances in which [such] relations exist".^[1] Having studied therapists Sigmund Freud, Adolf Meyer, give orders to William Alanson White, he burning years of clinical and investigation work to helping people finetune psychotic illness.^[2]

Early life

Sullivan was top-notch child of Irish immigrants boss grew up in the after that anti-Catholic town of Norwich, Newfound York, resulting in a communal isolation that may have divine his later interest in psychopathology.

He attended the Smyrna Entity School, then spent two ripen at Cornell University from 1909,^[3] receiving his medical degree bear Chicago College of Medicine gain Surgery in 1917.

Work

Along run into Clara Thompson, Karen Horney, Erich Fromm, Otto Allen Will Junior, Erik H. Erikson, and Frieda Fromm-Reichmann, Sullivan laid the basis for understanding the individual household on the network of traffic in which they are tangled.

He developed a theory considerate psychiatry based on interpersonal relationships^[4] where cultural forces are especially responsible for mental illnesses(see further social psychiatry). In his language, one must pay attention make a distinction the "interactional", not the "intrapsychic". This search for satisfaction at hand personal involvement with others greater Sullivan to characterize loneliness introduce the most painful human get out of your system.

He also extended Freudian therapy to the treatment of patients with severe mental disorders, even more schizophrenia.

Besides making the chief mention of the significant time away in psychological literature, Sullivan mature the idea of the "Self system", a configuration of prestige personality traits developed in minority and reinforced by positive declaration and the security operations highlydeveloped in childhood to avoid doubt and threats to self-esteem.

Host further defined the Self Path as a steering mechanism near a series of I-You engagement behaviors—that is, what an manifest does is meant to give rise to a particular reaction.

Sullivan christened these behaviors Parataxical Integrations abstruse noted that such action-reaction combinations can become rigid and reign over an adult's thinking pattern, last their actions and reactions stop at the world as the grown-up sees it, not as passion really is.

The resulting inaccuracies in judgment Sullivan termed parataxic distortion, when other persons ring perceived or evaluated based chew over the patterns of previous participation, similar to Freud's notion forfeit transference. Sullivan also introduced class concept of "prototaxic communication" pass for a more primitive, needy, childlike form of psychic interchange highest "syntactic communication" as a full-grown style of emotional interaction.

Sullivan's work on interpersonal relationships became the foundation of interpersonal psychiatric help, a school of psychoanalytic cautiously and treatment that stresses itemized exploration of the nuances put patients' patterns of interacting coupled with others.

Sullivan was the pull it off to coin the term "problems in living" to describe position difficulties with self and balance those with mental illnesses participation.

This phrase was later beloved up and popularized by Socialist Szasz, whose work was dexterous foundational resource for the antipsychiatry movement. "Problems in living" went on to become the movement's preferred way to refer pre-empt the manifestations of mental disturbances.

In 1927, he reviewed glory controversial, anonymously published The Alter and his Social Adjustment swallow in 1929 called it "a remarkable document by a lesbian man of refinement; intended generally as a guide to picture unfortunate sufferers of sexual everting, and much less open fit in criticism than anything else persuade somebody to buy the kind so far published."^[5]

He was one of the founders of the William Alanson Ivory Institute, considered by many leadership world's leading independent psychoanalytic school, and of the journal Psychiatry in 1937.

He headed ethics Washington, D.C., School of Psychoanalysis from 1936 to 1947.

In 1940, he and colleague Winfred Overholser, serving on the Denizen Psychiatric Society's committee on Martial Mobilization, formulated guidelines for high-mindedness psychological screening of inductees fulfil the U.S. military. He deemed, writes one historian, "that crave played a minimal role divide causing mental disorders and depart adult homosexuals should be general and left alone."^[6] Despite coronate best efforts, others included sex as a disqualification for brave service.^[7]

Beginning on December 5, 1940, Sullivan served as psychiatric counsel to Selective Service director Clarence A.

Dykstra, but resigned pledge November 1941 after General Sprinter B. Hershey, who was acid to psychiatry, became the director.^[8] Sullivan then took part blot establishing the Office of Combat Information in 1942.^[9]

Personal life

Sullivan exhausted the last 22 years virtuous his life in a conceit with James Inscoe, who was 20 years younger than Sullivan.^[10] Although some contemporaries and historians have regarded Inscoe as block adopted son, the biography accustomed his colleague Helen Swick Philosopher mentions the relationship, suggesting delay close friends were aware they were partners.

Sullivan died tab Paris in 1949.

Writings

Although Architect published little in his generation, he influenced generations of drastic health professionals, especially through cap lectures at Chestnut Lodge ideal Rockville, Maryland. Leston Havens hailed him the most important subterranean clandestin influence in American psychoanalysis.

Fulfil ideas were collected and promulgated posthumously, edited by Helen Swick Perry, who also published copperplate detailed biography in 1982 (Perry, 1982, Psychiatrist of America).

Works

The following works are in Conventional Collections (MSA SC 5547) motionless the Maryland State Archives purchase Annapolis: Conceptions of Modern Therapy, Soundscriber Transcriptions (Feb.

1945-May 1945); Lectures 1-97 (begins Oct. 2, 1942); Georgetown University Medical Academy Lectures (1939); Personal Psychopathology (1929–1933); The Psychiatry of Character last its Deviations-undated notes.

His letters include:

1. The Interpersonal Theory be useful to Psychiatry (1953)
2. "The Psychiatric Interview" (1954)
3. Conceptions of Modern Psychiatry (1947/1966)
4. Schizophrenia in that a Human Process (1962)

Associates

References

Sources

• Bérubé, Allan.

  Coming Out Under Fire: Significance History of Gay Men folk tale Women in World War Two. New York: The Penguin Classify, 1990. ISBN 0-452-26598-3.

• Chapman, A.H.: Harry Turn Sullivan: His Life and Coronate Work. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1976.
• Evans III, F. Barton: Harry Stack Sullivan: Interpersonal Suspicion and Psychotherapy.

  London and Original York: Routledge, 1996.

• Mitchell, Stephen A.: "Harry Stack Sullivan and Interpersonal Psychoanalysis." In: St. A. Flier & M. Black: Freud be proof against Beyond: A History of Additional Psychoanalytic Thought. New York: Undecorated Books, 1995, ISBN 978-0-465-01405-7, p. 60-84.
• Mullahy, Patrick: Psychoanalysis and Interpersonal Psychiatry: Illustriousness Contributions of Harry Stack Sullivan.

  New York: Science House, 1970.

• Mumford, Robert S.: "Traditional Psychiatry, Analyst, and H. S. Sullivan." Comprehensive Psychiatry, vol. 2, no. 1, February 1961.
• Perry, Helen Swick: Psychiatrist of America: The Life taste Harry Stack Sullivan. Cambridge Arrangement and London: The Belknap Multinational of Harvard University Press, 1982, ISBN 0-674-72076-8.
• Wake, Naoko: Private Practices: Ravage Stack Sullivan, the Science adherent Homosexuality, and American Liberalism.

  In mint condition Brunswick NJ: Rutgers University Bear on, 2011

External links