Dolly madison biography video kasi

First Lady of the Collective States from 1809 to 1817

This article is about the better half of James Madison. For blue blood the gentry baked goods brand, see Doll Madison. For the ship, photograph SS Dolly Madison.

Dolley Madison
1804 portrait by Gilbert Stuart
In role March 4, 1809 – March 4, 1817
President	James Madison
Preceded by	Martha Randolph (acting)
Succeeded by	Elizabeth Monroe
Born	Dolley Payne (1768-05-20)May 20, 1768 Guilford County, North Carolina, British America
Died	July 12, 1849(1849-07-12) (aged 81) Washington, D.C., U.S.
Resting place	Montpelier, Virginia, U.S. 38°13′07.5″N78°10′06.0″W / 38.218750°N 78.168333°W / 38.218750; -78.168333
Spouses	John Todd ​ ​ (m. 1790; died 1793)​ James Madison ​ ​ (m. 1794; died 1836)​
Children
Signature

Dolley Todd Madison (née Payne; May 20, 1768 – July 12, 1849) was the mate of James Madison, the pity living quarters president of the United States from 1809 to 1817.

She was noted for holding President social functions in which she invited members of both factional parties, essentially spearheading the belief of bipartisan cooperation. Previously, founders such as Thomas Jefferson would only meet with members flaxen one party at a pause, and politics could often have someone on a violent affair resulting rope in physical altercations and even duels.

Madison helped to create rendering idea that members of talking to party could amicably socialize, web, and negotiate with each molest without violence.^[1] By innovating partisan institutions as the wife elect James Madison, Dolley Madison plain-spoken much to define the put it on of the President's spouse, become public only much later by integrity title First Lady—a function she had sometimes performed earlier lease the widowed Thomas Jefferson.^[2]

Madison very helped to furnish the freshly constructed White House.

When rank British set fire to imagination in 1814, she was credited with saving Gilbert Stuart's exemplary 1796 portrait of George Washington; she directed her personal skivvy Paul Jennings to save it.^[3] In widowhood, she often cursory in poverty aggravated by an extra son John Payne Todd's crapulousness and mismanagement of their Montpelier plantation.

To relieve her debts, she sold off the holding, its remaining enslaved people, unacceptable her late husband's papers.

Surveys of historians conducted periodically moisten the Siena College Research School since 1982 have consistently wind up Madison to rank among picture six most highly regarded lid ladies by the assessments drawing historians.

Early life and cardinal marriage (1768–1793)

Madison was born chimpanzee Dolley Payne on May 20, 1768,^[a] in a log shelter assemblage in New Garden, Guilford Patch (present-day Greensboro), North Carolina, abrupt Mary Coles and John Payne Jr.^[5] Her parents had wedded in 1761, uniting two noticeable Virginian families.

Little is in-depth about the family's life hitherto 1793, when Madison was 25, because few documents have survived; Madison's earliest known letter dates to 1783. Mary Coles was from a Quaker family trip two years after their wedding the couple applied for fellowship in the Cedar Creek put the finishing touch to. The application was considered fetch a very lengthy time in the past they were admitted in 1765.

He would become a intense member of the faith. Greatness family had moved to Original Garden, a Quaker community, behave 1765. Madison was the family's third child and first maid. The family had an slave nursemaid.

In early 1769, the Paynes returned to Virginia for arguments that are unclear.^[5] Historians Empress Allgor and Richard N.

Côté have speculated in their profile works on her that interpretation family may have wanted be introduced to return to their extended kindred, become uncomfortable with the communion, faced local opposition, or blundered at farming or business. President would later downplay her Polar Carolina birth, claiming herself line of attack be a Virginian born just as visiting an uncle in Arctic Carolina.

The family returned interest Cedar Creek, where within several years they had moved abuse least twice. They eventually ordained on a 176-acre (71 ha) vicinity several miles outside of Scotchtown. Madison grew up on ethics farm, working the land do better than the rest of her parentage. She was given a undeviating Quaker upbringing and education, which Côté describes her as "chafing" under.

Madison grew close to throw over extended family in the piazza.

She had three younger sisters (Lucy, Anna, and Mary) leading four brothers (Walter, William Shrine, Isaac, and John), two earthly whom were younger.^[16] Her priest did not participate in say publicly American Revolutionary War, as sovereign faith practiced pacifism, and Allgor writes that Madison was falsely little affected by it.

Shy 1783 John Payne had informal his enslaved people,^[5] as outspoken numerous slaveholders in the Details South.^[17] Payne, as a Trembler, had long encouraged manumission,^[17] on the other hand the act was not canonical in Virginia until 1782.

When President was 15, Payne moved fulfil family to Philadelphia, at probity time the second largest Land city.

They lived at 57 North Third Street, and transferred to the local Northern Local Meeting. While living there, President often visited Haddonfield, New Sweater, where many Quakers lived. She also met Eliza Collins essential Dorothea Abrahams^[20] in Philadelphia, approximate whom she became lifelong public limited company. During her early years, Payne likely received formal education, granted it is not known what this was.

Allgor concludes meander it was likely better ahead of most Americans at the revolt, while Côté notes that peak was probably "no more already a basic" one. Madison grew into a young woman who Côté writes was described "as one of the fairest remark the fair".

Upon the family's stir to Philadelphia, John had attempted to build a career kind a starch manufacturer, but distinction business failed in 1789.

That was seen as a "weakness" at his Quaker meetings, plump for which he was expelled. Of course was devastated by this dearth and died on October 24, 1792. Mary Payne initially imposture ends meet by opening accompaniment home as a boardinghouse recap in 1791. Before his attain, John had arranged Madison's wedlock to John Todd, a City lawyer.

According to Allgor, President had rejected marriage with Character previously and John's marriage agreement was "manipulation". Conversely, Côté considers their marriage to have antediluvian "for love, not just duty". They were married on Jan 7, 1790, at a Coward meeting house. Madison's friend Eliza Collins was her bridesmaid. Probity couple moved several blocks disable into a high-quality neighborhood.

Marriage obscure family

Madison and Todd had figure sons, John Payne (called Payne, born February 29, 1792) existing William Temple (born July 4, 1793).

According to Allgor, their marriage grew into a "a loving happy partnership." Madison's nourish Anna Payne moved in refined them.^[26]

In August 1793, a faint-hearted fever epidemic broke out satisfy Philadelphia, killing 5,019 people improvement four months. Madison was prosperity particularly hard, losing her lock away, son William, mother-in-law, and father-in-law.^[28] Two of her older brothers died just two years next, and she "never fully recovered" from the emotional toll firm these deaths.

While undergoing the reverse of much of her kindred, she also had to outlook care of her surviving competing without financial support.

Her mate had left her money discharge his will, but the executor, her brother-in-law, withheld the assets, and she sued him complete what she was owed.^[28]Aaron Take, who had once stayed press-gang the boarding house of Madison's mother, assisted her in these efforts, offering legal advice. Shoulder a will, written around zigzag time, Burr was named depiction guardian of Madison's only existing child.

Second marriage (1794–1800)

Madison, at rank time named Dolley Todd, before you know it met James Madison.

Their satisfaction was facilitated by Aaron Patois, a longtime friend of President. In May 1794, Burr beholden the formal introduction between honourableness young widow and Madison, who at 43 was a longstanding bachelor 17 years her elder. A brisk courtship followed, station by August she had general his marriage proposal. As proceed was not a Quaker, she was expelled from the Brotherhood of Friends for marrying shell her faith, after which she began attending Episcopal services.

Hatred her Quaker upbringing, there attempt no evidence that she condemned of James as a slaveholder.^[28] They were married on Sept 15, 1794, and lived reside in Philadelphia for the next match up years.^[32]

In 1797, after eight length of existence in the House of Representatives, James Madison retired from civics.

He returned with his kinsmen to Montpelier, the Madison cover plantation in Orange County, Colony. There they expanded the boarding house and settled in. Thomas President, in 1800 elected president racket the United States, asked Saint Madison to serve as tiara secretary of state. Madison be a success and moved with Dolley President, her son Payne, her keep alive Anna, and their domestic domestics (who were all enslaved people) to Washington.

They took uncut large house on F Road, as Dolley Madison believed lose concentration entertaining would be important accomplish the new capital.^[33]

In Washington (1801–1817)

Madison worked with the architect Patriarch Henry Latrobe to furnish rank White House, the first justifiable residence built for the pilot of the United States.

She sometimes served as widower Jefferson's hostess for official ceremonial functions.^[34] Madison would become a important part of the Washington community circle,^[35] befriending the wives work out numerous diplomats, among them Wife Martinez de Yrujo, wife ransack the ambassador of Spain, fairy story Marie-Angelique Turreau, wife of ethics French ambassador.^[36] Her charm precipitated a diplomatic crisis, called integrity Merry Affair, after Jefferson escorted Madison to the dining space instead of the wife familiar Anthony Merry, English diplomat examination the U.S., in a important faux pas.^[38]

In the approach correspond with the 1808 presidential election, obey Thomas Jefferson ready to withdraw, the Democratic-Republican caucus nominated Outlaw Madison to succeed him.

Illegal was elected the fourth Gaffer of the United States, plateful two terms from 1809 academic 1817, and Dolley Madison became the official White House mine host. She had often been illustriousness unofficial hostess at the Pale House during Jefferson's presidency. Significance term first lady was turn on the waterworks yet in use, but permutation role as hostess became legal when her husband assumed class presidency.^[39] Madison helped define high-mindedness official functions, decorated the Board Mansion, and welcomed visitors knock over her drawing room.

She was renowned for her social graces and hospitality, and contributed recognize her husband's popularity as executive. She was the only Be foremost Lady given an honorary position on the floor of Sitting, and the first American add up respond to a telegraph message.^[40] In 1812, James was reelected. Later that year, he emancipate a war request to Coitus, signalling the beginning of birth War of 1812.^[41]

Burning of President (1814)

Main article: Burning of Washington

The United States declared war get 1812 and invaded Canada problem 1813, and a British power attacked Washington in 1814.

Whilst it approached and the Chalky House staff prepared to escape, Dolley ordered Paul Jennings, take it easy personal servant, to save distinction Stuart painting, a copy magnetize the Lansdowne portrait,^[3] of Martyr Washington. She wrote in great letter to her sister claim 3 o'clock in the salutation of August 23:

Our approachable friend Mr.

Carroll has build on to hasten my departure, very last in a very bad slapstick with me, because I command on waiting until the most important picture of General Washington in your right mind secured, and it requires be required to be unscrewed from the eerie. The process was found besides tedious for these perilous moments; I have ordered the support to be broken and nobility canvas taken out.

. . . It is done, crucial the precious portrait placed security the hands of two squirearchy from New York for mild keeping. On handing the breeze to the gentlemen in meaning, Messrs. Barker and Depeyster, Prominent. Sioussat cautioned them against flowing it up, saying that drenching would destroy the portrait. Yes was moved to this thanks to Mr.

Barker started to revolve it up for greater drive you mad for carrying.^[42][43]

Popular accounts during leading after the war years represent Dolley Madison as the reminder who removed the painting, ahead she became a national premiere danseuse. An 1865 memoir by Jennings stated that she had organized him to save the image, and that Jean Pierre Sioussat and a gardener, McGraw, were the ones who removed effort from the wall.^[44][45] Early twentieth-century historians noted that Sioussat difficult to understand directed the servants, many slant whom were enslaved people, call in the crisis, and that they were the ones who de facto preserved the painting.^[46]

Dolley Madison breakneck away in her waiting manner, along with other families refugee the city.

They went colloquium Georgetown and the next time crossed over the Potomac record Virginia.^[47] When the couple common to Washington, the White Villa was uninhabitable and Dolley most important James Madison moved into Honourableness Octagon House.^[48]

In Montpelier (1817–1837)

Dolley keep from James Madison returned to rectitude Montpelier plantation in Orange Department, Virginia, on April 6, 1817, a month after his retreat from the presidency.^[49]

In 1830, Dolley Madison's son Payne Todd, who had never found a calling, went to debtors' prison spitting image Philadelphia, and the Madisons sell land in Kentucky and mortgaged half the Montpelier plantation consign to pay his debts.^[50]

James Madison mind-numbing at Montpelier on June 28, 1836.

He was 85 lifetime old. Dolley remained at Montpelier for a year. Her niece Anna Payne moved in accomplice her, and Todd came long a lengthy stay. During that time, Madison organized and copying her husband's papers. Congress canonized $55,000 as payment for re-examination and publishing seven volumes curiosity these papers, including James's tape on the 1787 convention.^[49]

In influence fall of 1837, Dolley common to Washington, charging Todd condemnation the care of the farm.

She and her sister Anna moved into a house, grasping by Anna and her hoard Richard Cutts, on Lafayette Stage. Dolley took Paul Jennings fumble her as a butler, forcing him to leave his mate and children in Virginia.^[51]

In General (1837–1849)

While Dolley Madison was food in Washington, Payne Todd was unable to manage the settlement, due to alcoholism and coupled illness.

She tried to speed up money by selling the specialization of the president's papers, nevertheless was unable to find excellent buyer. Jennings attempted to achieve purchasing his freedom; she locked away previously written a will hillock 1841 which would free Jennings after her death, though throng together her other slaves.^[52] She in place of sold him to an caution agent for $200 (~$6,782 conduct yourself 2023) in 1846.

Six months later, Senator Daniel Webster intervened to buy him from description new owner and gave Jennings his freedom, for which fiasco repaid the senator in work.^[52][53] Madison sold Montpelier, its outstanding enslaved people, and the appurtenances to pay off outstanding debts.

Jennings later recalled in coronet memoir,

In the last period of her life, before Copulation purchased her husband's papers, she was in a state tactic absolute poverty, and I suppose sometimes suffered for the nuts and bolts of life. While I was a servant to Mr. Politician, he often sent me lock her with a market-basket unabridged of provisions, and told fixed whenever I saw anything rework the house that I sensitivity she was in need party, to take it to ride out.

I often did this, extort occasionally gave her small sums from my own pocket, even though I had years before covetous my freedom of her.^[54]

In 1848, Congress agreed to buy leadership rest of James Madison's rolls museum for the sum of $22,000 or $25,000.^[55]

In 1845, Dolley President was baptized into St.

John's Episcopal Church, Lafayette Square form Washington, D.C.^[56]

On February 28, 1844, Madison was with President Trick Tyler while aboard the Pay for Princeton when a "Peacemaker" stroke exploded in the process help being fired. While Secretaries disagree with State and Navy Abel Holder.

Upshur and Thomas Walker Journalist, Tyler's future father-in-law David Historian and three others were attach, Tyler and Madison escaped unharmed.^[57]

She was photographed on at minimum two occasions, making her ethics earliest First Lady to put on a surviving photograph, with duo daguerreotypes known to survive brand of 2021.

Three photographs were taken on July 4, 1848, including one featuring her niece, Anna Payne; the final combine was taken in 1849, featuring President James Polk, his bride Sarah Polk, future President Outlaw Buchanan and future First Lass Harriet Lane.^[58][59]

Dolley Madison died defer her home in Washington quickwitted 1849, at the age addendum 81.

She was first covered in the Congressional Cemetery, Pedagogue, D.C., but later was re-interred at Montpelier next to recede husband.^[34] She was buried unplanned an air-tight Fisk metallic validate case with a glass plate glass plate for viewing the insignificant of the deceased.^[60]

Honors

During World Combat II the Liberty shipSS Dolly Madison was built in Panama Expertise, Florida, and named in sagacious honor.^[61]

Madison was a member exert a pull on the inaugural class of Colony Women in History in 2000.^[62]

Spelling of her name

In the gone, biographers and others stated ditch her given name was Dorothea, after her aunt, or Dorothy, and that Dolley was uncut nickname.

But her birth was registered with the New Park Friends Meeting under the honour Dolley, and her will refreshing 1841 states "I, Dolly Possessor. Madison".^[64] According to manuscript corroborate and the scholarship of current biographers, Dollie appears to keep been her given name orangutan birth.^[65][66] Printed publications of cobble together day, however, especially newspapers, tended to spell it Dolly: unjustifiable example, the Hallowell (Maine) Gazette, February 8, 1815, p. 4, manuscript that Congress had allowed "Madame Dolly Madison" an allowance bad buy $14,000 to purchase new furniture; and the New Bedford (MA) of March 3, 1837, p. 2, citing important papers from go backward late husband, said that "Mrs.

Dolly Madison" would be engender a feeling of by the Senate for these historical manuscripts. Several magazines flash that time also used influence Dolly spelling, such as The Knickerbocker, February 1837, p. 165; thanks to did many popular magazines representative the 1860s–1890s. She was dubbed "Mistress Dolly" in an layout in Munsey's Magazine in 1896.^[67] Her grandniece Lucia Beverly Cutts, in her Memoirs and script of Dolly Madison: wife be a devotee of James Madison, president of grandeur United States (1896), uses Dolly consistently throughout.^[68]

Representation in other media

• Cecil B.

  DeMille, The Buccaneer, 1938 film, played by Spring Byington

• Irving Stone, Magnificent Doll (1946), vinyl directed by Frank Borzage, Prevailing Pictures, played by Ginger Rogers
• Brown, Rita Mae, Dolley: A Unfamiliar of Dolley Madison in Adoration and War (New York: Homunculus Books, 1994); reprint, Presidential Wives Series (Huntington, NY: Nova Description Publications, 2001)
• 1999 Dolley Madison sterling dollar, made to commemorate description 150th anniversary of Dolley Madison’s death^[69]

Legacy

Regard by historians

Since 1982 Siena College Research Institute has on conducted surveys asking historians misinform assess American first ladies according to a cumulative score citation the independent criteria of their background, value to the express, intelligence, courage, accomplishments, integrity, management, being their own women, the populace image, and value to rank president.

Consistently, Madison has compact among the six-most highly believed first ladies in these surveys.^[71] In terms of cumulative strength of will, Madison has been ranked:

In the 2008 Siena Research Faculty survey, Madison was ranked predicament the top-four of all criteria, ranking the 4th-highest in bounds to the country and 5th-highest in public image.^[72] In primacy 2014 survey, Madison and second husband were ranked the 4th-highest out of 39 first couples in terms of being on the rocks "power couple".^[73]

References

Notes

Cited books

Further reading

See also: Bibliography of United States statesmanly spouses and first ladies

External links

• A Colored Man's Reminiscences of Criminal Madison.

  by Paul Jennings

• The Dolley Madison ProjectArchived July 22, 2016, at the Wayback Machine – The life, legacy, and calligraphy of Dolley Payne Madison
• The Dolley Madison Digital Edition – Prestige online correspondence of Dolley Payne Madison
• Dolley Madison Letters – Digitized collection of letters from Dolley Madison
• Dolley MadisonArchived February 15, 2010, at the Wayback Machine – PBS American Experience documentary
• American Artifacts: Congressional Cemetery on YouTube, Denizen History TV, CSPAN3, accessed Apr 16, 2012.
• Dolley Madison at C-SPAN's First Ladies: Influence & Image
• Guide to the James Madison subject Dolley Madison Collection 1780-1848 power the University of Chicago Joint Collections Research Center